He was born on 28 June 1491 at Greenwich Palace. He succeeded to the throne on 21 Apr 1509, after the death of his father Henry VII. He was crowned 23 June 1509. He died at two o’clock in the morning, on 28 Jan 1547 at Whitehall, London. He was buried in St. George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle. His tomb was opened and his body was examined in 1813 …. Includes basic facts on his wives and children
These policies seek to kick Rome’s influence out of England and ensure his grab for church property. How did Rome, France, the Holy Roman Empire, and Spain react?
He dragged England towards the Reformation–or at least towards diminished papal authority in his realm. The names and classes of those whom he executed are listed.
After he divorced Queen Catherine of Aragon, his personal life and even the whole nation took unexpected turns. Includes basic facts about his wives after the divorce.
This area has national, ecclesiastical, and international repercussions, but these areas are still influenced by Henry’s personal desire for a divorce with popular Queen Catherine. Includes basic facts about her and Henry’s children.
He was a Lancastrian who was born in 1457; ascended the throne on 22 Aug 1485 with the death of Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth; crowned on 30 Oct 1485; and died in 1509. He supposedly ended the War of the Roses, but not domestic rebellions launched by the Yorkists. He was the father of in/famous Henry VIII.
This article is divided in two parts: (1) the basic facts about his life (2) and a discussion of his (possible) involvement in the death of his two nephews, the Princes in the Tower.
This article is a quick, uncluttered review of the basic facts. He succeeded to the throne when his father King Edward IV died in 1483, but he was never crowned. He reigned—not ruled—for only 77 days, until his uncle Richard usurped the throne.
This post is quick review of basic facts.
Succeeding his father at nine months young in 1422, and growing up extra-pious, Henry was a Lancastrian who was not fit for the hard-hitting politics of fifteenth-century kingship. He suffered from bouts of mental illness. He died (was killed) in 1471.
Henry (b. 1386) was the eldest son of Henry IV. Crowned in 1413, how would Henry V govern and fight as the second Lancastrian king, by the time he died young in 1422?
Born in 1367, Henry forced Richard II to abdicate in 1399 and then was crowned shortly afterwards. He was the first Lancastrian king. He died in 1413.
Born 6 Jan 1367, in Bordeaux, France (baptized 9 Jan 1367 in Bordeaux Cathedral), he succeeded to the throne on 21 June 1377 and was crowned 16 July. He was forced to abdicate on 30 Nov 1399. He died 14 Feb 1400 at Pontefract Castle, Yorkshire. He asserted his royal power beyond his abilities.
Born in 1312, crowned 1327, and dying in 1377, Edward III was king of England for fifty years. He was highly regarded by the people of his times and for centuries after.
Born on 25 April 1284, he was the first heir in English history to be given the title Prince of Wales. He succeeded 7 July 1307 and was crowned 25 February 1308. He was deposed 24 January 1327—the first king to be so since the Conquest in 1066—and died or was murdered on 21 September.
Born in about 1241 in Castile, Spain, she married Edward I of England in 1254. He became king in 1272 and was crowned in 1274. She died in 1294 after giving birth. She had fourteen to sixteen children, after all.
He lived from 1239 to 1307. He married Eleanor of Castile. Included is the opening of Edward’s tomb in 1774.
Born probably in 1223 in Provence, southern France, she married English king Henry III on 14 Jan 1236 and was crowned queen on 20 Jan 1236. After living an exciting life in support of her husband against the baronage and in her support of her own rule, and that of her son Edward I, she died on 24 June 1291.
Son of King John, born in 1207, crowned in 1216 in a rush after his father died (and again in 1220), and dying in 1272, he was super-devout, developing his veneration of Saint and King Edward the Confessor. Did his extra-piety get in the way of an effective kingship? The birth of Parliament happened on his watch.
Throughout English history, there is only one King John because no king after him took his name. Why would that be?
Born in 1157 and ruling from 1189 to 1199, he is called Lion-heart because of his prowess in battle, during the Third Crusade.
Living eighty years, she was the wife of the King of France when she was thirteen, then at twenty-eight wife of the King of England, and mother of three English kings. She lived from 1124 to 1204, eighty years.
He lived from 1133 to 1189 and began his kingship in 1154. This post also looks into his grandfather Henry I, his uncle King Stephen, and Henry II’s wife Eleanor of Aquitaine.
Great by birth, greater by marriage, greatest in her offspring, she lived from 1102 to 1167 and was the daughter of Henry I and mother of Henry II. She fought King Stephen for her son Henry. She was indomitable, as seen particularly in her two Great Escapes.
He was born in about 1092, hastily crowned king of England in 1135 and died in 1154. His reign was so tenuous that he was challenged from every side. Of his reign it was said that it seemed Christ and his saints slept. A real-life game of thrones.
Born about 1068-69, he was the fourth son of William the Conqueror. He was not expected to become the King of the English, but he did at his coronation on 5 Aug 1100. How did that happen? He died on 1 Dec 1135. Basic family facts are included..
Rufus means “red,” which indicates his complexion. This nickname distinguishes him from his father William I, the Conqueror. He ruled from 1087-1100. The most widely known fact about Rufus is his death under suspicious circumstances, while he was hunting. Accident or murder?
Born probably at the end of 1031, married Duke William of Normandy in 1049-50, and dying in 1083, she was duchess of Normandy and queen of England and wielded her power with class and dignity.
This “illegitimate son,” the duke of Normandy, forever changed the course of English history. .
He was the father of William the Conqueror and ruled over Normandy from 1027 to 1035. Continue reading
He was the grandfather of William the Conqueror and as duke ruled Normandy from 996 to 1026. Richard’s son Richard III (the Conqueror’s uncle) is included in this post since he ruled only from 1026 to 1027, about twelve months.
He was William the Conqueror’s great-grandfather and ruled over a developing Normandy or Northmen for fifty-one years, from 945 to his death in 996.
Born in latter half of the 800s and died around 928, he was the Viking leader who became the count of Rouen, capital of Normandy. Some say he was the duke of the Normans. He was the first in the House of Normandy and the great-great-great-grandfather of William the Conqueror.
The last and fourteenth king of the Capetian dynasty, he was nicknamed the Fair or Handsome because supposedly he was just that (le Bel in older French). He was born in 1294 and reigned from 1322 to 1328. His first wife was accused of adultery. Would she survive?
He was the thirteenth Capetian king, reigning only from 1316 to 1322. He was nicknamed the Tall or the Long because … well … he was tall. His wife was accused of concealing adultery. Would she survive?
The twelfth Capetian king, he reigned from only 1314 to 1316. His father accused Louis’s wife of adultery on the flimsiest of grounds. Did she survive it?
The eleventh king in the Capetian dynasty, Philip IV the Fair or Good Looking (le Bel in the French of that day) was born in 1268 and ruled from 1285 to 1314. Was he able to destroy the Knights Templar?
The Bold in English and le Hardi in French, he was born in 1245 and reigned from 1270 to 1285. He was the tenth in the line of Capetian kings.
The ninth Capetian king, he was born in 1214 and ruled from 1226 to 1270. He was an extra-pious king and was soon declared a saint after his death. Pope Boniface VIII called him a “superman,” religiously speaking.
He was born in 1187, the eighth in the dynasty, and ruled only from 1223 to 1226. He and his father Philip II Augustus were kings when Henry II, Richard I, John, and Henry III were kings of England. Fireworks!
Philip, the seventh Capetian, born in 1165, reigned from 1179 to 1223 and was nicknamed Augustus (why?). On a personal note, he had a strange wedding ceremony with the young princess Ingeborg of Denmark (some say it was witchcraft). But politically, he expanded his royal domain to the detriment of the English Plantagenets.
For those who care about the triangle of Louis – Eleanor of Aquitaine – Henry of Anjou (later King Henry II of England), this post is for those readers. Yet Louis had to depend on the church to annul (divorce) his wife Eleanor.
He is the fifth Capetian of that dynasty, ruling from 1108 to 1137. He had the help of Abbot Suger, a superior administrator and the famous architect of the basilica of St. Denis.
The fourth Capetian king of France, he was born in 1052 or 1053 and began his reign as a minor in 1059 (or 1060) until his death in 1108. He came of age when the William the Conqueror was strong, so Philip’s reign was overshadowed.
He was the third Capetian king and born in 1008 and ruled from 1031 to his death in 1060. His reign was overshadowed by William of Normandy, future duke there and the Conqueror of England in 1066.
Nicknamed the Pious, Robert (b. c. 972-1031) was the son of Hugh Capet, the namesake of the Capetians, father of Henri, King of France, and father of Adela (or Adelaide), the mother-in-law of William the Conqueror.
Hugh (c. 939-996) is the namesake of the Capetian dynasty, the first king. The Capetians reigned in an all-male succession to 1328. Through collateral lines his descendants ruled up to and after the French Revolution. Text of the oath he swore at his coronation is included.
Hugh (d. 956) was a transitional figure between his father Robert I and mother Beatrix (female descendant of Charlemagne) and his son Hugh Capet, after whom the Capetian dynasty is named. Continue reading
Robert (865-923) was of the Robertian line in France, which feeds into the Capetians.
Herbert (880 to 943) was the count of Vermandois. His line is called the Herbertines or the House of Vermandois.
Herbert I was a great-great-grandson of Charlemagne, and his daughter Beatrix married Robert I, grandfather of Hugh Capet, the namesake of the Capetian dynasty.
This post may be the shortest one yet! Here are the known vital statistics.
Living from about 797 to 818, he was the grandson of Charlemagne and king of Italy. He also had his eyes gouged out by his uncle.
There are several Pippins among the Carolingians. This Pippin (773-810) was Charlemagne’s son and the father of Bernard, king of Italy.
He lived from 748 to 814. He was the greatest ruler in the Medieval Age in his known world and surpassed the conquests and glory of many kings for centuries.
This is a handy, quick reference to terms and concepts of class structure, offices, units of land measurements, taxes, and so on. Great for students and researchers. Good for research in earliest colonial America, too, since many of the terms survived to then.
Some believe that in the epistle to the Romans Paul promises salvation through good works. The answer is not as clear as some interpreters claim.
A small percentage of people are anxious about this, but what does the Bible say? Can people commit this sin today?
Roe v. Wade (1973) is important to Americans. However, let’s expose one more weakness in it. Then it might cease being so important because it was so badly argued.
The Greek texts actually call it ‘languages.’ What should we call it today?
The Bible is clear that this wonderful gift has divine purposes. What are they?
It is sometimes called natural law. Can reason and the conscience perceive it? What does the Bible say?
What are the differences between happiness and joy and blessedness? Are the differences all that strong?
The Spirit needs to develop it in us.
Do you have high anxiety or panic attacks? Read this post and look for God’s promises.
If we all practiced goodness, the world would be a better place. What does the Bible teach?
What does the Bible really say about the judge and his judgment? Let’s do an old-fashioned biblical word study.
This virtue is needed in the believer’s life. Without it, we are chaotic.
Lots of key Hebrew and Greek words, all spelled out in simple English, easy to follow. Under each word are practical applications.
There are several words for love in the New Testament, we briefly look at them, but first focus on agapē.
Here are the key terms, in easy-to-read Hebrew and Greek, spelled out in English.
Various Hebrew and Greek words are looked at in this post. They are spelled out in English. One issue covered here: Is healing included in the key Greek words?
Some major denominations have taught this. What do the Scriptures say?
God has his part, but we have our part too. What’s the balance?
These are the basics of this neglected biblical doctrine—this doctrine that becomes a reality in your life.
The word is often brushed over lightly. Here is an easy-to-follow article with Hebrew and Greek spelled out for you in English.
What is a biblical covenant? This is the post you need to read first in the biblical covenant series.
Let’s never give up on Christ’s sacrifice on the cross, leaving him up there as a mere martyr who was unfortunately put to death for being merely a good man. His sacrificial death is much deeper than that.
Has this covenant been fulfilled in Christ? If so, does this mean Israel does not have a right to exist as a Jewish state, as some Christians believe?
It begins in Exodus 19, and the Ten Commandments were delivered in Exodus 20. Is it a covenant of grace and law or law and what exactly?
Are the covenants made with Abraham still in force? Are there more than one? A related, subsequent question: Do Jews have a biblical right to live in Israel today?
After God exercised his justice-wrath-judgment, he made a covenant with Noah. Is it relevant to us today?
Adam’s name means “humankind.” He represents all of humanity. Let’s see what we can learn from his story.
A council took place in heaven. The Triunity agreed that they would reach down to humanity and redeem it. It was a rescue mission. This agreement is also a covenant—the Covenant of Redemption.
Consider the parallels in the long table in this post. It reveals who we are. God’s gigantic global project for us humans is to lift us out of our mammal-sin nature and recover the image of God in Christ.
Whether it is original sin, or the sins we actually commit, the solution is the same: Jesus and his sacrificial, atoning death.
It’s a word that is unpopular today, but it is thoroughly biblical and accurate about human nature. This post is full of easy-to-follow word studies. A solution is offered!
If you need a good summary post with sound theology on how angels operate in your life and other “angelic issues,” this is your post.
Renewalists believe that angels are real. Many of us have seen them, either in our dreams or in person.
The Scriptures clarify that angels are real, and so is their heavenly dimension where they live.
Renewalists (Pentecostals, Charismatics and Neo-Charismatics) believe that angels appear to people in their dreams or in person, even today. It is God’s ongoing ministry to us. But we must get our biblical doctrine straight, or we can stray.
He can be identified with the preincarnate Son of God, before he became a human at his birth. But where are those verses? And can all of the verses describing an angelic visitation refer to Jesus?
Deliverance and maintaining lasting freedom from satanic oppression includes these essential ingredients.
You have to avoid those things. Here’s why.
This post covers Satan and his attack on people—even you at times. And so can Christians ‘have’ a demon or be demon-possessed or demonized? Can we rebuke demonic rulers over a city or region?
Renewalists believe in sound doctrine, and they believe in victory through Christ over the kingdom of darkness.
This post tells what the Bible says about where Satan came from (if this can be known) and how he became evil.
If you want to learn the basics, this post is for you, in a convenient Q&A format.
It’s important to define the terms, so the rest of the doctrine of the Trinity can be clear—or clear enough.
The illustrations must not be taken as perfect and all-revealing. Each has weaknesses. But they can still help.
The inner life of God is rich and plural within unity or oneness.
The Father Son, and Holy Spirit appear everywhere in the New Testament, but here are five famous declarations of the three persons in the same passage.
Here are what a few long-time professional theologians say about it. They will keep your thoughts in order—or show you how much a mystery the Trinity is!
Updated: The two areas interact—God created, but his highest creation fell. Now humans need redemption. How does the Trinity accomplish this?
This is the most important and well-known verse in the Bible, but do we consider what that phrase means?
This article covers the Arian heresy and its modern-day equivalent in the Jehovah’s Witnesses.
A prominent pastor said on global Christian television (paraphrased): “God the Father, God the Son, and God the Spirit. See? Three Gods! Right? All agree? Okay!” Not okay. We must learn about defective teachings, so we can steer clear of them.
Here are standard objections and answers to them.
The Trinity—also called Triunity or three persons contained in one God—is who God is in his fullest united, one essence.
Some over-thinking Christians would like to scrap the Trinity. Bad idea. Let’s see how the doctrine to our daily lives and relationship with God.
The New Covenant Scriptures take over these Scriptures in the Old Covenant. But we have a better covenant and we have more anointing and power and abiding presence than the Old Covenant believers did.
Renewalists believe that the Spirit has the divine nature and attributes of God. This post summarizes Scripture references and has a summary table of the attributes that the Father, Son, and Spirit share.
He is a person, and not a “force” or an “influence.” The Spirit is a “he,” not an “it.” But what is a person, anyway? Update: This post now has a long list of facets of his person and his ministry.
They can also be considered the names of the Spirit. It is great for Renewalists and everyone else to experience him. But do they really know him?
These images appear in Scripture, and they reveal the Spirit’s personhood. Images help us understand him better.
The Spirit was given to Jesus without limit. We too can share in this anointing, but we have to follow Jesus, or else we might run out ahead of him and minister on our own.
He shares it with us. It means everything to your life in Christ. Let is shine on you.
It flows out of the Old Testament and expands its meaning to include the Son and the Spirit.
God shares this attribute with us, in manifesting his presence, even visibly sometimes. God’s glory can even include material prosperity. Don’t believe it?
They were commissioned to stop communism from spreading, which is the most widespread, evil ideology ever to be devised by the Committee Room in Hell, directly responsible for killing over a hundred million people in a short time.
His entire existence in one panoramic image.
Who was he before he came to earth?
What does ‘incarnation’ mean? What does emptying oneself mean? Basics in a Q & A format.
Some say the synoptic Gospels (Matthew, Mark, and Luke) are silent about this claim. But they are not, if you know where to look.
Was it necessary? What did it accomplish? What does it mean to you?
People would make Jesus in their image. But who was he really, as defined by those who knew him best or heard from those who did?
Can we dispense with the notion that Jesus as a simple peasant, a godly one, from Galilee, but no more than that?
Jesus came with the express purpose of preaching the good news of the kingdom, living a godly life, and dying as a sacrifice for our sins.
Certain denominations teach that Jesus went into hell (or the underworld) to preach to confined human souls. True?
It was a physical body, but it had a spiritual dimension. A new era had been ushered in—for us, foretelling our future state after we die.
It is the central message of the New Testament. His resurrection means everything to you.
We Renewalists—those belonging to the worldwide, historical Renewal Movements—also believe he still appears to people today.
Here are the basics about his ascension.
It jump-starts our new life in Christ—we can renew our minds and hearts by thinking on it.
Christ sat down at the right hand of God and on his throne. Now we can be seated with him in heavenly places!
This series contrasts the ministry of Jesus and his view of the sword with the life of Muhammad and use of the sword. Then the series contrasts earliest Christian leaders and their view on the sword with the earliest Muslims leaders’s use of it. The two religions are not the same.
In our comparative study of the two religions of Christianity and Islam, we begin with the mission of Jesus, since he lived about 600 years before Muhammad. The next part in the series, the Mission of Muhammad, is designed to mirror this one you’re reading now.
This article is designed to be compared with the previous one about Jesus and his mission. It has a chronological timeline of Muhammad’s comnquests.
This article is designed to be contrasted with the next one about the sword in the Quran, in our comparative study of the two religions.
This article should be contrasted with the previous one about the Gospels and the sword, in our comparative study of the two religions.
In this one article in the series, the two religions are placed side by side, so to speak. The two religions are very different.
Did they pick up swords to stop the persecution and control nonconformists? This article is designed to be contrasted with the next one about the sword in the early Muslim community, in our comparative study of the two religions.
During his lifetime, Muhammad set the genetic code, and the first four caliphs followed his example. They actually used the sword. Contrast this use with the non-use in earliest Christianity.
In this comparative study of the two religions, Jesus and his early followers and Muhammad and the earliest Muslims had interaction with Jews, whose Hebrew Bible (the Old Testament) is the foundation of Christianity and strongly influenced Islam, since the Quran very often refers to Biblical stories and characters.
This article covers martyrdom by the sword in our comparative study of the two religions, in their origins.
This article covers and reviews topics left unanswered in the rest of this series.
This article is the final one in the series, which was a comparative study of the two religions. Here, at last, we summarize, with some analysis, the major differences between the two religions, side by side, so to speak. They are not the same–not even close.
The meme is still out there. Islam is the religion of peace, nothing but peace, and the whole peace. It is time to tell the truth about Islam–or maintain the truth about it. The title of the post is ironic. He really did kill mockers.
Muslim polemicists frequently quote Matthew 10:34, which mentions a sword, drawing a parallel between Christianity and Islam: They reason: Jesus and Muhammad both endorse jihad, so why would Christians today complain about it in Islam? However, their reasoning is deadly misinformed. Real violence is in the Quran.
Islamic terrorism may eventually be defeated in its large manifestations, like the one we saw on 9/11, but built into earliest Islam is an ultimate goal—what is it, according to the Quran, the Hadith (Muhammad’s words and deeds outside of the Quran), and Muhammad’s life?
Dr. Jim's Essential Bible Teaching 